Nitin Khanna

I was once described as a philosopher programmer. I think I'd like to describe myself as a lifelong student.

A note about rain

I was not able to sleep properly a few weeks ago. It was weird. I felt sleepy, but my normal routine of keeping my eyes closed and clearing my head of all thoughts didn’t help. I began to feel restless. So I looked towards other means that could calm me and lull me into a deep peaceful sleep. The pitter-patter of raindrops is a soothing sound that always helps me. I tend to associate rain with the idea of a sleepy summer afternoon, where I tend to drowse off regardless of what I’m doing.

I turned to my phone and looked up the rain sounds apps. I have 3 such apps installed on my phone right now. My favorites – Thunderspace and rainymood are not on my phone right now. Instead of downloading them and wasting precious sleeping time, I decided to give the other ones a go. The latest one, “Raining – relax yourself“, has a few presets – Summer rain, Dripping rain, Forest rain and Rain on window. I like the sound of rain on a window but it’s not exactly my favorite. I tried all the presets but didn’t like any of them. Remind me to delete that and make some room for Thunderspace. Continue reading

Mobile Internet, learn this from your predecessors

tl;dr – mobile web should show ads between text, not as weird popups.

The Internet has superseded the rest of the mediums – newspapers, magazines, books in most ways. But there’s one thing that all of those older technologies did better than the Internet – show ads. The ads in a newspaper are perfectly placed, extremely clear in their presentation and positioning and incredibly non-invasive. Of course, it’s an apples to oranges comparison ever since the advent of video ads and GIF eyeball grabbers on the Internet.

And to an extent, desktop Internet has done well in terms of their placement of ads, but the absolute loser in that respect is the mobile Internet. So much so that this is the best description of the mobile web experience –

What the mobile web needs to learn from all it’s predecessors (and even desktop Internet) is that the right way to show ads is still to use the white space. Don’t bog us down with crappy popups that are difficult to close and app offers we don’t care about. We care about the content. Give it to us. 

In between the blocks of text, throw in any kind of ads, GIFs, crappy video and app offers that you want. But the first and foremost thing we expect to see on our mobile phones is the content. Do not hide that from us. If you do (and you do), we’ll remember never to visit your site again (and we do).

कुक्कुराणां वनं

Every once in a while, we ask ourselves, “Why the heck did I ever waste my time on that?” Two of the prime candidates for that question for our generation are Calculus and Sanskrit. Two years of Calculus and two years of Sanskrit seem to be too much of a waste to me.

Now, the first, even I understand. I know no one who uses Calculus. I’ve not used it once since I got out of Engineering and even in there, most of the work purported to be done by hand was deftly dealt with by my calculator. But the latter, well, is more of a mystery. There’s a peep every now and then about Sanskrit. It’s in the news either because the German government is doing too much for it or because the Indian government is doing too little. Either because someone discovers some long-lost formula in those dusty tomes that seems to prove that all math and science in the world was first developed by Bharat or because somewhere or another, I find reference of oddities and extremities that I didn’t know about our motherland (I enjoy wikisurfing far too much). Continue reading

[fiction] Information

As humans, we are obsessed with knowledge. Knowledge is power, the maxim goes, and where there is power, there are humans poised to grab it. Thus, knowledge is important to us all. It is to me too. It has been, since the beginning, when, as a child, I used to memorize the names of famous politicians, sportspersons and actors and repeat them at the drop of a hat. I don’t remember why it was so important, perhaps it was something my parents thrust upon me. Perhaps it was a way to amuse myself and my friends. Perhaps it was a silly competition we had at some point that stuck with me.

As I grew up, I ventured into the world of debates and public speaking in school. It was vital that I integrate quotes, maxims and bon mots into my presentations and this brought me into the wonderful world of quotes. Thoughtful ideas on freedom, humanity, spirituality and hope flowed out of quote dictionaries and into my mind, quickly burning into memory the names and occupations of the people who thought them. I could recall what a certain thinker said about a certain topic on a certain date. Similarly, politicians, orators, philosophers and artists began taking space in my mind, whispering their eloquent words day in and day out to me. I would take pleasure in being the only one to quote so many people in so many contexts. It was amazing that no matter what the occasion, I was the one the students, teachers and even the Principal turned to for a quote. They instituted a “Quote of the Day” feature in the morning assembly to ensure that students benefit from my vast knowledge. It was marvelous, till it was not. First, the boyish habit of harassment started. I was teased as a know-it-all and a teachers pet, then I was beaten up for having the courage to stand up to them and quote their own heroes – comic book characters, telling them that bullying was a sign of weakness. I went crying to my mother, who told me that it was not me who was a know-it-all but they who were know-it-nothings. She told me to embrace who I was and stand my ground. After all, it was Gandhi who said that “first they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.” I was going to win, if only by perseverance.

But then, the other thing happened. I discovered numbers. Facts based on ages, dates, quotes and full names were fine, but facts based on numbers were indisputable and more importantly, beautiful. The distance of the Moon from the Earth and the Earth from the Sun and the Sun from Alpha Centauri are numbers that are real, indefatigable and transcendant. Learning the 200th decimal of pi and the precise value of the Avogadro’s number amazed my peers but did very little by way of giving me any real understanding of the why behind these values. Regardless, the very nature of rote learning allowed me to spew forth everything needed by my school’s examinations to score high percentage points and keep everyone happy.

As I grew up further, I moved from learning about Men and Numbers to learning about current affairs and world history. I spent hours pouring over competitive exam level current affairs textbooks and gleaning everything from the world history encyclopedias my school loved to display in their library but never let any child touch. The librarian was so fed up of my constant need to refer so many books that she gave me my own key to the reference bookcase. I was happiest when devouring knowledge like a siphon from those books and saddest when I was being berated in the playground. My quotes had informed me of the need for physical activity and my mental acuity demanded spending at least an hour daily in the Sun, half an hour playing and half an hour being targeting by the tougher, more rowdy kids. My non-nerdy habit of regular exercise gave me enough strength to fight back, but my worldly experience told me otherwise. I was not interested in playground politics. I was interested in finishing that encyclopedia volume three.

Current affairs used up a few years, before it was time to choose where to go in terms of career. Since I was so good at remembering details, many teachers favored me. I was a favorite of the history teachers, who thought Arts was the way for me to go, the biology teachers, who thought using my memory to remember every part of human anatomy and their various processes would make me an excellent doctor, and even of the accounts and math teachers, who believed my powers of remembering formulae would stand me in good stead in the extremely tough exams where calculators were banned and all calculations were to be done on paper. But by this time, I was aware that memory is a fickle thing. I was already forgetting some details of my childhood. It was not enough to deter me from learning, but definitely enough to make me question the benefits of heading into a field where my ability to remember information was the utmost requirement. Don’t get me wrong, I was still on top of my game, but as a rebellious youth, I was not certain I wanted to stand on the laurels of my god-given gifts and wanted to instead, squander away the opportunity chasing some other goal of creating from scratch.

Creation is difficult. How the first chemicals jumped into the state of living existence is just as difficult a question for our scientists as the question of what new product to release is to an company. Steve Jobs said something along the lines of “creativity is just connecting things” and “a lot of people haven’t had many diverse experiences, so they don’t have enough dots to connect”. I felt that I had enough dots to connect, that somewhere in the future, I would see the correlation between everything I’d read and use it to create something entirely new. I was so sure of it that I chose to take up a science-based education, with the hope of becoming an inventor. Oh, how wrong I was, how naive! I started the studies with gusto, but with layer upon layer of knowledge piling up, I was suppressed by self-doubt and a debilitating depression which caused me to believe I was never meant to remember another piece of fact in my life. As I saw the flood of information pour over me, I realized that I was not anyone special, that the previously held contempt others had of me was misplaced. The great equalizer known as PCM taught me that no one is great in front of the laws that govern science. Floundering, I stumbled into temple one day, with the priest noticing my sadness with keen attention. He called me over and asked me what was wrong. I was not ready to give in, so I said that it was nothing. He asked me, as he had done many times in my life, what my scores were in the last test I gave. My previous answers of 100/100 or 96/100 did not stump him as much as my now 67/100 did. He chastised me for not taking enough care in my studies and I lashed out for him questioning my capabilities. He took a step back and realized that the age I was passing through was not kind on my faculty of judgement. He chided me for getting angry about this issue instead of asking for help like a man. I looked up to him and begged him for an answer. He only said one thing – “go back to the beginning and learn everything you’ve missed. You are the source of all your mistakes and you are the way to correct them”. I carry this learning with myself to this day. I went back to my studies and picked up books from a few years back. I started learning everything I needed, concentrating specifically on science and math. I used my memory again, this time confident that I could not fail if I remembered everything. When the next tests came along, I was not even close to ready. But I went in with the confidence that if there’s anything that can serve me well, it is a sound foundation.

I prevailed. I scored eighty-six percent on that exam and my teachers were happier than me. For the first time in a long time, as my Chemistry teacher explained to me, someone had rebounded of their own volition in her class. Most of her students were too busy taking tuition for entrance exams to be bothered to even come to class, but she was glad she had someone to dote upon in her classes. From that point onward, I knew that constant vigilance was important for me to succeed, because no matter how much knowledge I had garnered, it was nothing compared to what was coming my way over the next few years. I struggled with Physics, as it had to do with application more than memory, but I worked hard and got through with good grades. As the entrance exams loomed over us, my friends spent more time in tuition than in the classroom. I did the opposite. Instead of wasting any time in tuition, I spent it all going back to the books and swallowing things the traditional way. Whatever free time I had, I spent on cracking the entrance exam books. This was an approach which I felt would work out to be adequate. Instead of wasting time trying to understand the theory, just spend it in understanding the questions. Multiple choice is the greatest trick played on the students of India, giving them some hope in a degenerative and overtly competitive world. I played the game as best as I could and before I knew it, I was placed in a mediocre college in a mediocre stream, waiting to be churned out of the system and proclaimed an engineer.

The next few years were, expectantly, inconsequential. I was attracted to many new interests and constantly jumped back and forth between having a social life and a cultural, studious and personal one. I formed new friendships and my friends thought of me as some kind of a mystery, with the ability to tell them what Governers every state of India has had since independence, but not bothering with what the mess room menu is for the day. As I proceeded to conquer subjects that interested me and reject those that did not, I learnt the cruel truth of the Indian educational system – even at this high level of education, nothing was my choice. I had to study what was thrust at me without fail, else I was rejected as a non-serious student. I had heard great things about choices of subjects and freedom of deciding my future as a school student, but those were pipe dreams funneled to make us work harder without the current working generation having to answer for the pitfalls of the education system. Once I came to that conclusion, I knew that my fate was sealed. I was to sit in a few entrance tests for a few mediocre software companies and regardless of my interests and degree, I was going to be a software engineer. That realization smoothed things over for me. I knew that none of the exams and none of the learning at the engineering level really mattered. Henceforth, I rejected all attempts by my educators in trying to interest me in their subjects. I got the passing marks as needed and spent all my time in perfecting my knowledge in other spheres. I learnt acting, drama and debate. I mastered public speaking and ad-hoc campaigns. I was soon known across the college as the trouble-maker who still manages to get the needed grades to not be called an underachiever. Soon, it was time to bid good bye to the college and start a job. I got placed as I expected and it was during the interview rounds that my colleagues realized that all those cocurricular activities I participated in helped me when the interviewer asked the simple question – so what do you do other than studies in college. Top rankers were often rejected as being too studious and overachievers. I did not have that problem – in me, the interviewer saw the perfect candidate to be moulded as per the needs of the company. I was happy to go along with that routine.

The next few years were, surprisingly, without incident as well. I got that job, got that house, got that promotion, got that marriage, got that child, got that other promotion and settled into a routine. It was all very normal. Then, one day, it came to me – the itch. It was something I could not define; perhaps a hunger, which no food was able to vanquish. I changed my routine, started going to office later than usual and spending more time there, hoping more workload, or at least the appearance of it would cure this odd sensation. But it did not leave me. I applied for time off, and got it, the first in three years. My manager signed it off with glee, since he would not have to pay me for the time-off that I had not used. I spent some time talking to my family and then we traveled. It was summer, so it was the perfect time to drop it all and go see places with the wife and child. But no matter where we went, I wanted to go to the next place and then the next. Soon, it was time to finish the trip but my need was left unfulfilled. I called in and extended my leave. I called my child’s school and told them that attendance would be a little short this time. We spent some weeks in the East, exploring the strange lands that were a mixture of Hindu, mountain and Chinese cultures. The political air was thick with accusations and conversations were rife with gossip wherever we went. After the third week, my wife got fed up and left with half the luggage and the kid. She was anxious to restart home life and was not interested in this vagabond nature which so attracted me.

Good thing, because as I spent unpaid time off in the mountainous region of Sikkim, I came to the conclusion that the hunger that had been eating at me from the inside was that old nature of mine, the one which forced me, almost, to collect knowledge from every source. In the past few years, life had stagnated to the same issues, same challenges and same droll living which can make any sane man question his mental acuity. It was as if the Great Indian Software Machine had chewed me up and spit me out. I was tired of the mediocre standard of living that it presented to me and itching to do something about it. With that resolve but with nothing concrete in mind, I went back to my home. I told my wife that I had to break this rut and save my soul in the process. She was just glad to see me again and rained platitudes of my extraordinary ability to bend software to my will. She expected those words to mean something to me, but the fact of the matter was that I was no better software engineer than thirty others in my own department, let alone the company, the city or the country. So there was no joy to be had in her speech. To add to her frustration, I did nothing to actually satiate my thirst. I joined my job again, with my manager overloading me with work and angry emails from customers for my unscheduled absence. I made it all good in the next two months and as things settled into the same routine, I started spending more and more time on learning from the Internet. I joined a ton of MOOCs, running my own, clandestine second college experience, but I grew tired of the process pretty soon. There’s nothing special about MOOCs, they are the same drivel that I had to go through during my Bachelors, packaged for the Internet by professors sitting in other countries. I dropped all courses, but kept the membership, as this granted me access to their online libraries. Not like I needed those – books are a resource that are truly freely flowing on the Internet, as opposed to music or movies. Using the much better setup at the office, I started deep diving into a barrage of subjects. The MOOCs had got me cursorily attentive to the idea of studying philosophy and channelized that into studying both philosophy itself and using that learning to study other subjects such as aerodynamics, fluid motion, evolutionary biology and world history. I went back and studied the great wars, understanding how each country reacted, won and lost and how the outcomes affected the future years of those countries and their neighbors. I touched upon depression-era economics and the value of grassroots monetary movements. I even studied the demand and supply of monies themselves, specially the new-age versions of money – crypto-currencies. But more than anything, I studied the process of learning and definition of knowledge. As I deep-dove into metaphysics, I came to realize that for all the western study of the subject, there is a vast study of it based in the East, in the Vedas and Shastras that Indians have largely ignored and avoided studying. Thus, I went forth and studied those. I compared thought systems and military strategies between the East and the West and made extensive notes. Somewhere along the line, I started blogging on the subject and as the national discourse turned towards Eastern superiority of thought, my blog started gaining a lot of attention online. I was soon spending equal parts studying and equal parts expounding what I had amalgamated from essentially years of education. It was less an objective and more an opportunity to push my own limits. Daily, I was being asked questions and forced to think about comparisons a normal person would not make. Towards this goal, I wrote a small script which would pull and references on a particular subject from Wikipedia and research papers around the world. I dipped into the APIs of the best sources of research and developed tools to quickly summarize information, extract conclusions and gather intelligence in as automated a manner as I could.

For all the time that I was spending online in my office, I was extracting it from my family life. My wife’s initial glimmer of hope disappeared when I told her that I was studying on MOOCs. The same came back when I told her I was off those useless courses, but her attempted at prying me away from my phone and computer failed and she realized I had simply replaced MOOCs with self-learning. We started having torturous fights about my long work hours and lack of attention towards her and the family. I was avoiding going home every day for longer and longer periods of time. At the end of it, she decided that it was useless to fight. But she instituted a new rule – that I had to spend as much time at home as possible. I could be online as much as I wanted, but I had to return from the office as quickly as I could. The alternative was divorce. That word is such a taboo in India that my senses immediately went into defensive mode and I agreed to her every demand. The next day, my boss saw my empty chair at four pm and got upset that I had not told him of my time off, but I quickly responded to his inquisitive email to inform him of my new plan – early in and early out. My work did not get affected, but I was no longer tied to the setup at my office. I bought a splendid work desk for my home and setup a three LCD monitor display that was going to be my base of operations for many years to come.

 

“Which way to Svoboda?”

I was reading a BBC news report of how, recently, pro-Russian sites are popping up in the Czech web sphere, which could allude to some serious USSR-style propaganda. The article referenced the 1968 Prague Spring, which was when the then Czechoslovakia government tried to establish reforms which would lead to freedoms to the press and private sector, the division of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia and a general upliftment of the people who were suffering cruelly under the rule of the Soviet Bloc. Needless to say, Soviet Russia didn’t take kindly to this and, along with their friends of the Warsaw Pact (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and East Germany) attacked Czechoslovakia to take back control.

Of course, they won. Even with the way things were under the USSR, they had tanks, weaponry and manpower and Czechoslovakia had, well, a leader who told his people not to resist. But resist they did. Without the necessary means to win the war, they resisted in the only other noble way – confound the heck out of the enemy. In the most peaceful way, road and street signs across the country were painted over or removed so as to completely confuse the incoming force.

The result was hilarious. Supposedly, one could see troops stopped in rural areas trying to study maps and making sense of how every village they’d visited was called either Dubček or Svoboda (which means freedom). Road signs were painted over, except those that led to Moscow. The result of that was that an invading force from Poland spent a day roaming around before being routed out of the country, empty-handed.

Now, these reports come from Wikipedia and further from two separate sources, but I’d say you should take them with a grain of salt regarding their veracity. However, the point to understand is that in those days, it was possible to confound an incoming force by the sheer ingenuity of changing your road signs and hiding all the maps. Of course, today’s military will simply whip out their iPhones and tell you where to invade next. But this episode lends importance to the idea that with the accumulation of power so dependent on finding your enemy, it is important to also control the means of finding the enemy in the first place. This is obviously the reason why countries like Russia, China and India as well as the EU are working to create their own version of the GPS system (which, mind you, is owned by the US Government).

Clearly, in tomorrow’s war, one of the first efforts will be to either block the enemy’s signals, thereby preventing them from finding our accurate locations. The other, more radical one, would be to try to shoot down their navigation satellites, a scenario that has given birth to more science fiction movies than we care to admit.

But, going back to that wondrous time when people still had to use maps and ask for directions from locals, I must say that it is remarkable that someone thought of the simple idea that perhaps one way of stalling the enemy is to paint over the signs which will tell them how to get to the capital. That’s your trivia for the day.

Balloons, or how tech companies need to stop and take stock

Balloons is, concurrently, a ‘fine WordPress theme’ and a ‘whimsical’ one. It is also a theme that caught my attention when I was browsing for WordPress themes recently. Let me be clear – I was not browsing for themes for my own site. I was browsing for themes for our nikhco.in domain, which looks to be in need of a refresh.

But Balloons caught my eye. Why? I’m not sure. Maybe it was the large number of balloons that are front and center at the head of the theme. Maybe it was the oddly small typography, which could look great if it were a few font sizes bigger. But as soon as I saw it, it caught my attention. I started thinking about how I would modify it to suit my needs and change some things I’d definitely get irritated at. I hate when theme authors fixate on certain social network links but not others or add an unneeded sidebar to the theme. But then, I stopped and took a step back.

This planning and plotting I was up to, was it needed? Was it a useful change to my site? Was this theme better than my current theme? I have put many hours into editing my current theme, “Independent Publisher”, to make it look the way I wanted it to look. So should I be putting those same hours again, so soon, into a completely new theme with completely new issues I’d have to fix? I like the challenge, but is the effort valuable? Have I received negative feedback on my theme? Has someone told me that it’s not good the way it looks or maybe it fundamentally conflicts with the content? I write on a variety of subjects – code, fiction, politics, observations about the world, and movie reviews, among others. So it’s been hard to find a theme that fits all that content. Thus, over the years, I’ve experimented with many themes, many plugins and formats to elicit some kind of a reaction from my otherwise passive readership.

I was talking to my brother recently and we were talking about how LinkedIn has the habit of trying new things with their site. I understand the impulse. It’s all about constantly evolving. You have a product, you want to make it better. There’s also the business case for it. For startups and fledgling companies alike, there’s a market to capture and industries to disrupt. Thus, the need for experimentation drives them to keep trying to do new things. If a company working on a professional social network can also act as a Rolodex and be the go-to resource for industry news, that’s better for their business.

But my brother’s point was valid too – you’ve got a product. You’ve released it to the general public. You’re working on minor improvements all the time. Let. it. sit.

There’s oftentimes no need to add that new feature to your current site. If you want to experiment, make a separate platform or a new app to try things. Put it under your label, call it “LinkedIn Connect” or “Facebook Paper”. But don’t try to shove new ideas down the throats of your current users. Let them get used to the current system. Let them complain and argue the merits and demerits of it. Let them give you real feedback and then act on it. At the end of the cycle, if the new idea is that popular, roll it into your current system. Integrate your changes. But don’t start out with the assumption that people will be OK with a constantly changing platform. Most of the time, there’s no need for that.

We talked about all the other companies out there too, including giants such as Google, Cisco and HP. Those who sit on their laurels get surprised by a leaner, smarter company coming along to steal their market share. But those who continually reinvent just to keep the rust off, lose their focus and their customers. If you’ve got a radical improvement to your product, go for it. But make sure you’ve got a second set of eyes telling you that the new is actually better than the old, not just newer than the old.

So, as I looked at Balloons, I silently sighed. There was no need for it. No one is telling me that my tech posts look bad in the new theme. My most popular post ever “Installing Fever on AppFog” still gets visited a few times a week even though it’s years old now. People still read through it on a theme that’s better suited to fiction than tech tutorials and no one seems to mind. Older posts about code are still visited and no one cares if the font is larger than needed.

I bookmarked the theme and closed the tab. One day perhaps, I’ll dust it off and show it to someone and ask if it would make for a better theme for my blog. Until then, my site looks good and I’ve decided what to do with it – Let. It. Sit.


Authors Note – I wrote and edited this post on Hemingwayapp. It’s an amazing editor. It points out sentences that are hard to read, phrases that can be simpler, and the use of adverbs and passive voice. It helped me get rid of all the instances of passive voice in this text. The makers, the Long brothers, have come up with a new Beta version that you should check out. The New Yorker has taken notice of the app too, among other news media. You can read about their coverage here. This article got a grade of 6 on the app, which is not at all bad!

[Fiction] A lecture

Good morning Young Adults,

Welcome to the third lecture on “History of Writing”. I’d like to point out, as mandatory by law, that this history, as with all other histories taught in your school, is disputed in a federal court and may be deemed incorrect at a later date, at which point the syllabus will change. Until then, we are teaching the less popular version of the topic, as dictated by our school’s charter.

Now, to begin the lesson, let’s do a quick recap of what we have learnt in the last two lectures. We began with the idea that writing things down would make them available to more people and preserve knowledge across time. This part, as we discussed, is not disputed.

Then, we saw a presentation on the idea of a universal language. We understood that even though individuality is considered important, the world had settled into the idea that English would be the universal language towards the end of the twenty-first century. We understand that this is disputed by scholars of the day who believe that English was not actually universally accepted but quite simply the de facto language because of the cultural and economic might of a few countries, which, since they no longer exist, can neither prove nor disprove this specific argument in any comprehensive manner.

Today, let’s talk about the Book. Now, please understand that I’m not talking about a specific book, but the Book in general. Since most of you do not know what that is, let me pull up the Wikipedia entry for it.

“A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of ink, paper, parchment, or other materials, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page.”

Now, who can tell me what they understood from this? Yes, Tomlin, what’s your take on this definition?

Tomlin – I think it’s some kind of a primitive information repository, but I’m not sure how something like that would work.

Very good Tomlin! Yes, books were information repositories that were organized as chapters. Sometimes, there was so much information that it had to be put into a series of books! Yes, Supriya, you have a question?

Supriya – Yes Ma’am, I want to ask how can they put information on something so flat?

A wonderful question Supriya! People nowadays don’t understand how knowledge can be put on something as basic as paper. Let’s do an exercise. If you remember, I showed you all a piece of paper when we went to the museum last month. You’ll recall that there was text on that paper, real words. There was also an image on it.

I want you all to consider information as we know it today and try to think about how that information would be represented on paper during that period of time.

Let’s begin with a simple example. We all know that the best way to capture someone’s speech is to make a 3D replica of it. How do you think humans in the twentieth century captured speech? Yes, Supriya?

Supriya – I have read that they used to takes things called notes, on paper. They would quickly write what people were saying and then save it someplace safe to recall later.

Very good Supriya! But since you’re familiar with the concepts, I don’t think you should be answering any more questions on the topic. No need to frown, you know it’s the best way to involve everybody.

Next question. In our 3D replicas, we often include, in heavy detail, how people emote their speech. We have records of inflection, pronunciation, emotion, body and eye language and many times, environment. How do you think early man did it? Let’s take it to someone other than the front row. Yes, Mary, what’s your take on this?

Mary – Well, they’d have to somehow copy the 3D model and keep changing the emotion.

Close, but not quite. You see, in written language, there is a process to capture emotion. Words expressing emotions such as anger, relief, hatred, and peacefulness were used to write about emotions. Similarly, surroundings were described in great detail. This is one of the reasons why books were actually so big in size. They had to capture a lot more information in order to properly capture the essence of the scene being described.

Let’s change gears and imagine how they would have described something non-human, like a stone or a DNA sequence. Nowadays, if you want to see a stone, the replicator just builds one for you. If you want to study a DNA sequence, you can ask the replicator to create a model for you and you can play with it live, to create your own DNA sequence. How do you think mankind stored that kind of information? Let’s hear from, you, Ching? Ching, I don’t care if you don’t have an answer, I want you to try.

Ching – I dunno. Maybe they tore off some pages and kept a stone there?

No need to laugh class. Ching is not wrong. No one is. But the human race quickly realized that ideas such as putting a piece of stone in books could only work as a novelty and were not practical. Instead, they used to draw elaborate pictures of the item. Sometimes, they’d describe the color, feel and effect of the object in question in great detail and sometimes, they’d just include a picture of the thing and move on. Yes, Maya, do you have a question?

Maya – But Ma’am, how can they draw a rock on a paper and how can they play with a DNA structure on paper? You told us that paper is non-interactive, unlike our 3D models.

You see, Maya, there is an entire art dedicated to drawing 3D shapes on a 2D plane. It may seem ridiculous to you, but some of their greatest achievements were based on that. From the early prototypes of fuel propelled vehicles, which they called ‘space craft’, to large representations of landscapes, everything 3D was represented in 2D using various techniques such as using darker colors for depth perception and light source inference, using layers of color to give the sense of three-dimensional space, using specific colors to represent specific things, such as red for anger, blue for sadness and green for happiness and prosperity. Now, you may all laugh, but this is how it all worked.

Who here remembers that museum exhibit called a painting? It was some lady sitting in an elaborate costume, with a slight smile. Good to see all these hands up! Now, we may not know why she was painted. Was she some politicians wife, or was she the artist’s representation of an angel, but we can study the painting, only half of which remains now, and see that the smile is actually affected by the way it has been painted. We can also see that the background has been shown to be smaller from her own size, so as to represent that it is far from her. These ideas may seem primitive to us all, but these were the best means they had to represent such notions.

Who here has been to MOMA? You realize why the Museum of Modern Art had to be made on half the side of the moon, right? They needed room to let artists display their work. The famous “Events Of Futures Past” by Giraldo Ganeshan is a theater of five thousand replicas of humans at war with five thousand Centauri. Now, we know that we’re at peace with the civilizations of other star systems, but Ganeshan’s representation is an idea, that something like this could happen. Of course, to accurately represent the scene, Ganeshan had to take up half of MOMA’s space in order to present the installation. You can walk through the model and watch as each warrior attacks one from the other side in a battle that would not even be technologically feasible anymore – we no longer have weapons that we can hold in our hands.

Imagine if, instead of taking all that space, Ganeshan would just have written a book, with detailed descriptions of the battle. It would have taken considerably less space. It would have meant that humans would have to use a very infrequently used faculty now, namely, imagination, but it would have done the job.

Now, getting back to the topic at hand. Maya, how do you think people who drew the DNA structure on paper interacted with it?

Maya – With their imagination, I guess.

Bingo

Maya – But how? It’s so hard to imagine this stuff! And reading is so difficult! Why not just call a 3D model of it and let the comp process it for you?

You must realize that there was very little that comps could do back then. In fact, there was a time when comps didn’t even exist! Nowadays, all you have to do to start studying is to press a button on the memlets around your necks. But back then, knowledge was slowly being transformed from paper to comps and comps didn’t have the capabilities needed for this kind of work. In fact, for a long time, people depended on screens to display information to them!

Puline – What? So you’re saying that they moved from 2D paper to 2D screens? Lame!

Decorum Puline. But you’re right. Our ancestors weren’t the brightest bunch. It didn’t occur to them that the upgrade from paper would be something that takes them into a third dimension. Instead, they chose to make it the same 2D structure, but put it on comps and then on what they called the Internet, which is, in a way, the great-great-great grandfather of the psynet.

That brings me to the last question. How do you think peeps took books from one place to another? How about we get an answer out of Anhel. We’ve barely heard a sound out of you today.

Anhel – yeah, I’m a little distracted today.

Is there something you’d like to share with us today?

Anhel – No, no. Anyways, what was the question?

How do you think peeps carried books around?

Anhel – I don’t know. Did they put them on some sort of fuel powered hovers like we use at home?

Haha! No. I like your imagination, but the thing is, hovers came into existence only about five hundred years ago. What they did was that they had things called bags. If you ever observe the food delivery at home, you’ll notice that individual types of foods are packaged in custom-built air silos. Early mankind, however, had to create containers out of paper or cloth or something that they called ‘plastic’ and use those to store and transport goods, including books. Imagine you all, coming to school, with bags hanging over your shoulders, with books inside them!

Well, that’s all for today’s lecture. Have fun at home and don’t forget next week’s timings because they’re a little different. Good day!

Author’s Note – I’d like to thank my friends Ronnie and Rahul for editing this post. They both provided invaluable editorial feedback and are really cool people. I’d recommend you follow them on twitter, because, apparently, that’s a thing to do.

Solving the ten thousand year problem

While writing a short story today, I started thinking about an issue that I discovered last year. The story is set in the far future, where the dissemination of knowledge has changed so vastly that the idea of a printed page is absurd. I’ll be publishing it in the coming hours. But, as I was writing it, I started thinking about how much our culture and language will change in the next ten thousand or so years, let alone over the next hundred thousand years. That reminded me of an interesting thing I read last year – “Ten Thousand Years”.

Out in the New Mexico desert, stands a government building with a single task – to permanently store nuclear waste from the US’ various nuclear power plants, for at least the next ten thousand years. The date is so chosen because supposedly, thinking beyond that time frame is too mind-boggling to consider. It has nothing to do with Jeff Bezos’ Long Now Foundation, which is building a ten thousand year clock, thought it might as well, because both ideas are equally interesting and convoluted.

Now, one of the issues that the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico is facing is that of language. Since the last ten thousand years, so much has changed in humanity, that the idea that the same language, the same symbols, and the same myths that protect us today will remain even then, is a non-sequitur. English is constantly fighting to be the language of choice while Spanish, French and Chinese are growing their user base. Symbols such as the skull-and-bones are adapted, first by real-life pirates and then by digital pirates to change their meaning completely, transforming something that indicates danger to something indicating excitement and even fun. Even myths change and long-loved black cats are suddenly considered evil and the number 13 bounces around as something lucky, then not.

Thus, assuming that a sign board at the gates of the WIPP, written in English and a battery of other languages, along with ten different types of warning symbols, should be enough to deter people from entering the premises, is foolish. This is one of the smaller issues that the WIPP is facing.

So what’s the solution? While I was pondering on the course of the story, I realized that the answer would have to be a mixture of ingenuity and technology. This is how I believe the problem can be solved –

We need to build a system that’s not just fault-tolerant and self-healing, but also intelligent enough to learn about it’s surroundings. While it may seem enough to place a settlement of scientists nearby who would constantly watch over the plant, recruit future employees and ensure the safety of the rest of the land, humans have a distinct habit of dying, moving away, letting emotions come in the way of logic and duty, and overall being bad protectors of the environment. So, the solution would be to build a system that can be initially supported by humans but must eventually stand on it’s own feet. This Gatekeeper would not just prevent people from walking into the compound, but also learn new languages, understand symbols and changing economics and governmental systems and ensure that no one disturbs the deathly sanctity of the place it protects. It would be able to access the Internet and learn of new technologies to replace it’s old ones. It would learn languages and add them to it’s database, essentially creating a bookmark of human history as it goes about it’s business of preventing nuclear waste from getting out of this burial place. This would have to be a highly fault tolerant system, able to quickly analyse any potential issue such as maintenance, earthquakes, failing parts and changing technologies in order to ensure its continued service. I think only if we are able to build such a powerful system can we promise ourselves that such a dangerous material can be protected over the next ten thousand years.

Or, we could just drop it into a volcano and hope that thing eats it all up.

Word of the Day: illiberalism

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, illiberalism, quite simply, is the lack of liberal values. But that begs the question, what is liberalism? Is it the ability of a community to be forward thinking and self-critical? Is it the incessant forward march of a government without caring for the social, political and emotive values of its peoples? Or is it the protection of the freedom of expression of an author writing about a sensitive topic with the backdrop of a community to which he does not belong? Hindustan Times certainly believes in the last definition.

First, it shows that it is not only the sangh parivar or Islamic organisations that are at the forefront of such illiberalism.

Source: Liberal values are being trampled upon in Tamil Nadu

The issue at hand is that the author Puliyur Murugesan wrote a bookBalachandran Enra Peyarum Enakkundu (I am also known as Balachandran), about the life and troubles of a transgender, who is sexually harassed throughout life and faces an upward battle of identity. The protagonist belongs to the Gounder community and by now, you would have guessed where this is going.

The Gounder community decided to take offence to this ‘insult’ to their people and instead of rationally sitting down with the writer and asking for edits to the story or a total redaction, decided that the better course of action would be to abduct the author and brutally beat him up in the middle of nowhere. To add insult to literal injury, the police has filed a case against the author for provoking a riot, writing and circulating obscene content, selling a book containing defamatory matter, intentional provocation of breach of peace and causing fear or alarm to public. Wonderful, isn’t it?

HT, in their laconic article, asked an interesting question – why is it that only current authors face the brunt of such injustice? Why do authors such as Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the acclaimed author of Devdas, who “had made uncharitable remarks about some non-Bengali Brahmin clans”, not face such public ridicule and outrage? Perhaps, if it were in fashion, political parties and illiberal communities will also start attacking famous people from India’s history books. Oh wait, they already do!

Here’s some love for LinkedIn Users

Just tap that button

Some time ago, my brother came to me with a problem. He loves LinkedIn. It’s a great service. But as much as he loves connecting with people on that professional network, there are some glaring inefficiencies that he does not appreciate. He wasn’t interested in removing ads or making it look nicer. He just wanted to see the information that people intend on displaying on the site. You see, there’s a plethora of information available on LinkedIn, but it’s mostly hidden.

For some reason, if you’re landing on a user’s profile from LinkedIn’s user search, or from a Google search, you end up seeing this –

But what you should really be seeing is, at least, the user’s name, a little bit about their history and experience. Essentially, you should be seeing something like this –

LinkedIn’s been around since some time now, but they haven’t fixed this weird issue and so, your LinkedIn experience is often curtailed by what can only be called a minor bug.

Not any more. Today, NiKhCo. has launched a new tool, “LinkedIn Reveal”, which will solve this absurdest of LinkedIn woes. It enables you to explore LinkedIn with the depth you never thought possible. We’re not trying to build something that changes the way LinkedIn displays information or makes things look fancy. We’re just building something that lets you see LinkedIn as it truly should be – a beautiful, open, professional network with all the information you need about people, companies, jobs and connections.

LinkedIn Reveal is now available in the Google Chrome Web Store. Do check it out. It’s valuable for everyone who uses LinkedIn. Also, here’s a screenshot, because pictures somethingsomething thousand words somethingsomething. :)